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FreeMarker template error: The following has evaluated to null or missing: ==> a.title [in template "WEB-INF/t/cms/www/default/channel/news_jjfa.html" at line 78, column 103] Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally null/missing, either specify a default value with myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use [#if myOptionalVar??]when-present[#else]when-missing[/#if]. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthessis: (myOptionVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionVar.foo)?? The failing instruction (FTL stack trace): ---------- ==> ${a.title} [in template "WEB-INF/t/cms/www/default/channel/news_jjfa.html" at line 78, column 101] #else [in template "WEB-INF/t/cms/www/default/channel/news_jjfa.html" at line 72, column 73] @cms_channel_list parentId=channel.pa... [in template "WEB-INF/t/cms/www/default/channel/news_jjfa.html" at line 62, column 57] #if channel.parent?exists [in template "WEB-INF/t/cms/www/default/channel/news_jjfa.html" at line 61, column 25] ---------- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---------- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:98) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToString(EvalUtil.java:382) at freemarker.core.Expression.evalAndCoerceToString(Expression.java:115) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:265) at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:93) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:265) at freemarker.core.IfBlock.accept(IfBlock.java:84) at freemarker.core.Environment.visitByHiddingParent(Environment.java:286) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$Context.runLoop(IteratorBlock.java:193) at freemarker.core.Environment.visitIteratorBlock(Environment.java:509) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.accept(IteratorBlock.java:103) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:265) at freemarker.core.Environment$1.render(Environment.java:313) at com.jeecms.cms.action.directive.ChannelListDirective.execute(ChannelListDirective.java:77) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.UnifiedCall.accept(UnifiedCall.java:136) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:265) at freemarker.core.IfBlock.accept(IfBlock.java:84) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:265) at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:93) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:265) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:243) at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:277) at com.jeecms.common.web.springmvc.SimpleFreeMarkerView.renderMergedTemplateModel(SimpleFreeMarkerView.java:111) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateView.renderMergedOutputModel(AbstractTemplateView.java:167) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView.render(AbstractView.java:263) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1208) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:992) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:939) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:856) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:936) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:827) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:617) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:812) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:723) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.jeecms.common.web.XssFilter.doFilter(XssFilter.java:50) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.executeChain(AbstractShiroFilter.java:449) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter$1.call(AbstractShiroFilter.java:365) at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.doCall(SubjectCallable.java:90) at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.call(SubjectCallable.java:83) at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject.execute(DelegatingSubject.java:387) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.doFilterInternal(AbstractShiroFilter.java:362) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125) at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.invokeDelegate(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:343) at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.doFilter(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:260) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter.doFilterInternal(OpenSessionInViewFilter.java:230) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:88) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.jeecms.common.web.ProcessTimeFilter.doFilter(ProcessTimeFilter.java:35) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:293) at org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProcessor.process(AjpAprProcessor.java:448) at org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProtocol$AjpConnectionHandler.process(AjpAprProtocol.java:403) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$Worker.run(AprEndpoint.java:1760) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)